Agriculture Knowledge

 Cotton  Origin- India & Pakistan was the native place of cotton. Geographical Distribution- Cotton grown in warm climates like India, U.S, Brazil, Pakistan, Turkey. In India- Gujarat, A.P, M.P & T.N,etc. Economic Importance- India is the world largest Cotton producer and the 2nd largest exporter. Cotton plays an important role in  industrial sector of India.   Soil- Cotton grows best in soil with pH between 5.8-8.0 Sandy loam soil are fertile for cotton. Climate- Cotton grows well in warm and moist climate. 24 o C is suitable for cotton growth. Varieties- RST-9, RS-875, RG-8, etc. Seed Treatment- Soak seed 2 to 4 hours before sowing(Desi Seed) Soak seed 4 to 6 hours before sowing (American Variety). Seed rate- Seed rate varies with variety. Seed Rate for American Cotton hybrid 1.5 kg/acre. Desi cotton hybrid 1.5 kg/acre. Sowing- Sowing time is different in different-different countries. Sowing time in Punjab & Haryana is April-May. Fertilizer- NPK-1...

 Groundnut Origin- Southern Bolivia and Northwestern Argentina is the origin place of groundnut. Geographical Distribution- It is grown in tropical, subtropical and temperate countries like India, China, Sudan, USA, etc. In India, A.P, T.N, Karnataka & Orissa. Economic Importance- Peanut(Groundnut) is cultivated for oil, food, legume and grown in approx. 100 countries. Peanut is the 6th important oilseed crop in the world. Peanuts contains 48-50% of oil and 26-28% of protein which makes them a good oilseed with full of protein. Soil- Peanut is perfectly grown in well-drained sandy loam or sandy clay loam. The soil pH 6.5-7.0 and high fertile. The good germination temperature was 30 0 C. Climate Requirement- It requires long and warm growing season.  Best condition for groundnut is rainfall at least 50 cm during the growing period. Varieties- Kadiri-2, Kadiri-3, BG-1, BG-2, Chitra,Parkash, etc. Cultural Practices Fertilizer- Groundnut respond good at soil mixed with fertili...

Pigeon Pea Origin- Peninsular India is the origin of pigeon pea. Geographical Distribution- Red Gram(pigeon pea) is generally grown in tropical countries like- Africa, Asia, America, India,etc. India is the largest producer and consumer in the world. Economic Importance- Pigeon Pea is the 5th important edible legume of the world. India alone contribute over 90% of the world pigeon pea production. Climate- Pigeon pea needs warm tropical and subtropical climate. 13 0 C is suitable temperature for germination of    Red Gram . Soil- It grown well in black cotton soil and also in sandy loam, clay loam, red clay loam,etc. Varieties-    TT401, Pusa 2002, IPA 203, BRG 5, etc. Cultural Practices Field Practicing- Black Cotton soil with well drained system and the pH ranging between 7.0-8.5. Field should be properly tilled and well drained seed bed. Row to Row distance 4 to 5 feet with 15 feet gap. Sowing Time & Method- 15 June to 15 July is recommended. According to varie...

Plant Breeding Plant breeding  is the modification in plant traits to obtain the desired characteristics.

   Kharif Crop The crops that are sown at the beginning of rainy season i.e. between April & May known as kharif crop. Major Kharif Crop- Rice, Maize, Cotton, Jawar, Bajra, etc. Rabi Crop Those crops that are sown at the end of monsoon or at the beginning of winter season i.e. between September & October. E.g Wheat, Peas, Gram, Barley, etc.

  Agriculture   Agriculture? Agriculture is the way of  growing crops, making soil more fertile and producing more and more food and many more desirable product. Agriculture plays a vital role in our day today life directly or indirectly. The practice of agriculture is known as farming. Agriculture sector gives approx 60% of employment in India. India is the world's largest producer of pulses, rice, wheat, spices and spice products. It is said that agriculture is an art and science. Why agriculture is an art? Agriculture is the work of human creativity, imagination and techniques. Why agriculture is a science? In agriculture we use technologies, scientific principles, crop breeding, using different- different methods for  maximum yield. Father of agriculture  Norman Ernest Borlaug . Father of Indian Agriculture  M.S.Swaminathan . First crop cultivated in Agriculture Era was  Wheat&Barley . 3rd December, celebrated as  "Agriculture Education Da...

 AGRICULTURE MICROBIOLOGY Microbes A small living organisms that we see with the help of microscope. They live in water, oxygen, and land. E.g. Virus, Fungi, Protozoan, Bacteria, Algae, etc. They are unicellular, multicellular & clusters. Soil Microbes The living organisms that live in the soil known as soil microbes. It enhances soil fertility and health. It decomposing organic matter. "Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria"(PGPR), it is a group of bacteria which enhances plant growth and yield of crop.  PGPR also works as biofertilizers. Carbon Cycle It is the natural way by which we re-use the carbon. There are two main processes which occur:  photosynthesis   and  metabolism . In carbon cycle process the carbon from environment used by living organisms and travel back to atmosphere. Nitrogen Cycle It is the process by which atmospheric nitrogen is converted into  multiple chemical forms. e.g. Dinitrogen, Nitrate, Ammonium Nitrate, etc. Biogeochemical...