Crop Production Technology-1 (Kharif Crop) Oilseeds.-(Groundnut & Soybeans)

- September 19, 2020

Groundnut

Origin-

Southern Bolivia and Northwestern Argentina is the origin place of groundnut.

Geographical Distribution-

It is grown in tropical, subtropical and temperate countries like India, China, Sudan, USA, etc.
In India, A.P, T.N, Karnataka & Orissa.

Economic Importance-

Peanut(Groundnut) is cultivated for oil, food, legume and grown in approx. 100 countries.
Peanut is the 6th important oilseed crop in the world.
Peanuts contains 48-50% of oil and 26-28% of protein which makes them a good oilseed with full of protein.

Soil-

Peanut is perfectly grown in well-drained sandy loam or sandy clay loam.
The soil pH 6.5-7.0 and high fertile.
The good germination temperature was 30⁰C.

Climate Requirement-

It requires long and warm growing season.
Best condition for groundnut is rainfall at least 50 cm during the growing period.

Varieties-

Kadiri-2, Kadiri-3, BG-1, BG-2, Chitra,Parkash, etc.

Cultural Practices

Fertilizer-

Groundnut respond good at soil mixed with fertilizer not on them directly.
Application of fertilizer and manure based on soil status.
Sulphur 24% are needed.
NPK 40:40:60 are good for groundnut.

Manure-

FYM or compost 10-12t/ha; 25-30 days before sowing.
Green manure is also helpful in improving the soil structure.
Calcium is important for good seed development.

Spacing-

Row to row 30-45 cm and plant to plant within a row 10-15 cm
Sowing depth-5 cm.

Seed rate-

Normally, it may range 100 kg/ha to 160 kg/ha.

Sowing Method-

The use of seed drill (bullock drawn or tractor mounted) is recommended as it result in faster sowing, quicker emergence and uniform plant stand.

Weed Management-

It is essential to keep groundnut field free from weed upto 45 days after crop emergence.
For weeding Pendimethalin 1.0-1.5 kg/ha spray
Fluchloralin 1.0-1.5 kg/ha give before pre-plant for weed free field.

Harvest-

70-80% black pods are sign of maturity of groundnut.

Drying-

The seed have less than 10% moisture which can take 3-4 days in sunlight.

Storage-

Remove all damaged, discoloured, rotted, immature, and sprouted pods, other plant material and soil from groundnuts before storing.

SOYBEANS

Origin-

Soybean originated in Southeast Asia and were first domesticated by Chinese around 1100.

Geographical Distribution-

In India, M.P produced 70% of India's total soybean crop
M.H produces-18% and Rajasthan produces 12%.

Economic Importance-

Soybean contributes 43% to total oilseeds and 25% to the total oil production in the country.
Currently, India rank 4th in the world.

Soil-

Soybean grow best in loose, well-drained soil rich in organic matter.
pH range for soybean is 6.0-6.8
Soybeans are tolerate of poor soil.

Climate-

Soybean is best grown in warm and moist climate and does not require intense care for hardy growth, much like other members of the oil seed and pulses family.

Varieties-

NRC-2, NRC-12, NRC-7, NRC-37,etc.

Cultural Practices

Sowing-

Two cropping seasons of soybean are-

Kharif
Rabi.

Method of sowing-

Line sowing method are good because it needs less seeds/ha, weeding and hoeing may be done.

Seed Treatment-

Seeds are treated with Rhizobium culture.

Spacing-

45-60 cm*2.5 cm spacing is good for kharif.

30-45*2.5 cm is good for rabi.

Depth- 2-3 cm in heavy soil
3-4 cm in light soil.

Seed Rate-

Soybean gives for grain purpose 20-30 kg/ha.
Fodder-70-75 kg/ha. during kharif season. and 100-120 kg/ha during rabi season.

Fertilizers-

Soyabean respond good over symbiotically fixed atmospheric nitrogen through their root.
Apply 25-30 FYM at time of sowing.
50 kg N + 100 kgP₂O_{5, Sulphur 20 kg/ha.}
Also 25 kg ZnS and 10 kg Borax.

Water requirement-

In Kharif crop irrigation is not needed it is grown of rainfed.
during summer the crop can be grown only under assured irrigation and it needs about 5-6 irrigations.

Harvesting-