Crop Production Technology-1 (Kharif Crop) Pulses-(Pigeon Pea, Mung Bean, Urd Bean)

Pigeon Pea

Origin-

Peninsular India is the origin of pigeon pea.

Geographical Distribution-

• Red Gram(pigeon pea) is generally grown in tropical countries like- Africa, Asia, America, India,etc.
• India is the largest producer and consumer in the world.

Economic Importance-

• Pigeon Pea is the 5th important edible legume of the world.
• India alone contribute over 90% of the world pigeon pea production.

Climate-

• Pigeon pea needs warm tropical and subtropical climate.
• 13⁰C is suitable temperature for germination of  Red Gram .

Soil-

It grown well in black cotton soil and also in sandy loam, clay loam, red clay loam,etc.

Varieties-

   TT401, Pusa 2002, IPA 203, BRG 5, etc.

Cultural Practices

Field Practicing-

• Black Cotton soil with well drained system and the pH ranging between 7.0-8.5.
• Field should be properly tilled and well drained seed bed.
• Row to Row distance 4 to 5 feet with 15 feet gap.

Sowing Time & Method-

15 June to 15 July is recommended. According to variety of seed.

Three methods of pigeon pea sowing are-

1. Flat Sowing.
2. Broadbed-furrow Sowing.
3. Ridge-and-furrow.

Seed Rate-

Early maturity variety- 20-25 kg/ha.

Late mature variety-  15-20 kg/ha.

Spacing-

1. Row to Row 45-60/70 cm.
2. Plant to Plant 10-15/20 cm.

Fertilizer-

Fertilizer is based on soil testing result.

25-30 kg N, 40-50 kg P₂O_{5, 30 kg} K₂O per hectare.

Harvesting and Threshing-

Crop is ready for harvest when they show brown colour.

Cut crop above 75 cm from ground.

Threshing-

•  Threshing is done by the help of Pullman thresher or by beating pods with sticks.
• After harvesting clean seed should be dries for 3-4 days.

Yield-

25-30q/ha. from irrigated condition and 15-20q/ha from less irrigated area.

Mung(Moong) Bean

Origin-

Mung bean originated from India  and lated it was domesticated to America, Africa, Asia,etc.

Geographical Distribution-

It is widely grown in Asian countries.

Climate-

• Mung bean grown in warm climatic condition.
• Average rainfall needed from flowering stage to pod fill.

Soil-

• Sandy, Loam soil with good drainage system are best.
• Mung bean need pH6.2-7.2 for best performance.

Seed Preparation-

• Certified seed are recommended for high yield.
• Mung bean need nitrogen fixing bacteria for first time grown in field.

Cultural Practices

Seed bed Preparation-

• Removes weeds from the field by tillage.
• Prepare Seedbed which provide good contrantion of seed and soil.

Planting-

• Temperature at 18⁰C is best for planting.
• Depth of seed is 1 inch in soil.
• Plant to plant distance is 2 inches.

Fertilizer-

• Mung bean need 25-40 kg/ha of Phosphorus, 25 kg.ha of Nitrogen at the time of sowing.
• Potassium and some other micro nutrients are also needed.

Weed Management-

Rotary hoeing or fields cultivation  or herbicides like Triflan are used for removing weed.

Harvesting-

Harvesting is done when pods two-third 2/3 of the plant are mature.

Storage-

• Remove all leaf material, immature stems, immature pods, dirt, insects and other debrid.
• Moisture containt for bean storage is approx.12% .

Urdbean

Origin-

Urdbean originated in India.

Geographical Distribution-

• Urdbean originated in Asia & Africa.
• India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Myanmar and Ceylon are major countries for urdbean.
• In India, M.P, M.H, A.P, T.N, U.P, Karnataka, etc.

Economic Importance-

• Black Gram (Urdbean) is one of the important crop.
• Black gram plays an important role in India diet as it contains 26% protein.

Soil-

• Loam soil is suitable with pH value of 6.5-7.8
• Sandy and Heavy cotton soil is also suitable for Black gram.

Climate-

Mostly, Black Gram cultivated in Kharif season.

In Southern & South-eastern part follow rabi season for cultivation of Black gram.

Varieties-

PDKV, PDU-1, Mash 414, etc.

Seed Treatment-

• Rhizobium 200gm + PSB 250 gm/10 kg of seed.
• Blackgram under intensive cropping should be treated with carbofuran 0.2% one week before Rhizobium treatment against Root knot and Reniform nematode.

Sowing Time-

• Mid July (15-20 July).
• Row to Row distance is 30-35cm for Kharif and 25 cm for spring and rabi.

Seed Rate-

• 15-20 kg/ha for Kharif
• 25-30 kg/ha for spring and rabi season.

Fertilizer-

• 20:40:20 NPK kg/ha along with 20 kg S/ha.
• In micronutrient Zinc (Zn) 25 kg/ha.

Weeding-

Weeding and Hoeing is to be done between 25-30 days after sowing. 

2nd weeding should be done if necessary after 45 days of sowing.

Irrigation-

Irrigation provide at growth stage of flowering and pod developed stage.

seed is germinated at soil moisture.

Harvesting-

• Urd Bean harvested when 70-80% pods are matured and most of the pod turns black
• After harvesting leave crop for drying on threshing  floor for few days.

Threshing-

• Threshing can be done manually or by trampling under the feet of bulls.

Storage-

• The clean pods should be sun dried for 3-4 days.
• moisture level at 8-10% for storage.

Yield-

Average 12-15 quintal grains/ha are produced.

For Cereale-Wheat, Rice, Sorghum, Pearl Millet.

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