Crop Production Technology-1 (Kharif Crop) Pulses-(Pigeon Pea, Mung Bean, Urd Bean)
Pigeon Pea
Origin-
Peninsular India is the origin of pigeon pea.
Geographical Distribution-
- Red Gram(pigeon pea) is generally grown in tropical countries like- Africa, Asia, America, India,etc.
- India is the largest producer and consumer in the world.
Economic Importance-
- Pigeon Pea is the 5th important edible legume of the world.
- India alone contribute over 90% of the world pigeon pea production.
Climate-
- Pigeon pea needs warm tropical and subtropical climate.
- 130C is suitable temperature for germination of Red Gram .
Soil-
It grown well in black cotton soil and also in sandy loam, clay loam, red clay loam,etc.
Varieties-
TT401, Pusa 2002, IPA 203, BRG 5, etc.
Cultural Practices
Field Practicing-
- Black Cotton soil with well drained system and the pH ranging between 7.0-8.5.
- Field should be properly tilled and well drained seed bed.
- Row to Row distance 4 to 5 feet with 15 feet gap.
Sowing Time & Method-
15 June to 15 July is recommended. According to variety of seed.
Three methods of pigeon pea sowing are-
- Flat Sowing.
- Broadbed-furrow Sowing.
- Ridge-and-furrow.
Seed Rate-
Early maturity variety- 20-25 kg/ha.
Late mature variety- 15-20 kg/ha.
Spacing-
- Row to Row 45-60/70 cm.
- Plant to Plant 10-15/20 cm.
Fertilizer-
Fertilizer is based on soil testing result.
25-30 kg N, 40-50 kg P2O5, 30 kg K2O per hectare.
Harvesting and Threshing-
Crop is ready for harvest when they show brown colour.
Cut crop above 75 cm from ground.
Threshing-
- Threshing is done by the help of Pullman thresher or by beating pods with sticks.
- After harvesting clean seed should be dries for 3-4 days.
Yield-
Mung(Moong) Bean
Origin-
Mung bean originated from India and lated it was domesticated to America, Africa, Asia,etc.
Geographical Distribution-
It is widely grown in Asian countries.
Climate-
- Mung bean grown in warm climatic condition.
- Average rainfall needed from flowering stage to pod fill.
Soil-
- Sandy, Loam soil with good drainage system are best.
- Mung bean need pH6.2-7.2 for best performance.
Seed Preparation-
- Certified seed are recommended for high yield.
- Mung bean need nitrogen fixing bacteria for first time grown in field.
Cultural Practices
Seed bed Preparation-
- Removes weeds from the field by tillage.
- Prepare Seedbed which provide good contrantion of seed and soil.
Planting-
- Temperature at 180C is best for planting.
- Depth of seed is 1 inch in soil.
- Plant to plant distance is 2 inches.
Fertilizer-
- Mung bean need 25-40 kg/ha of Phosphorus, 25 kg.ha of Nitrogen at the time of sowing.
- Potassium and some other micro nutrients are also needed.
Weed Management-
Rotary hoeing or fields cultivation or herbicides like Triflan are used for removing weed.
Harvesting-
Harvesting is done when pods two-third 2/3 of the plant are mature.
Storage-
- Remove all leaf material, immature stems, immature pods, dirt, insects and other debrid.
- Moisture containt for bean storage is approx.12% .
Urdbean
Origin-
Urdbean originated in India.
Geographical Distribution-
- Urdbean originated in Asia & Africa.
- India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Myanmar and Ceylon are major countries for urdbean.
- In India, M.P, M.H, A.P, T.N, U.P, Karnataka, etc.
Economic Importance-
- Black Gram (Urdbean) is one of the important crop.
- Black gram plays an important role in India diet as it contains 26% protein.
Soil-
- Loam soil is suitable with pH value of 6.5-7.8
- Sandy and Heavy cotton soil is also suitable for Black gram.
Climate-
Mostly, Black Gram cultivated in Kharif season.
In Southern & South-eastern part follow rabi season for cultivation of Black gram.
Varieties-
PDKV, PDU-1, Mash 414, etc.
Seed Treatment-
- Rhizobium 200gm + PSB 250 gm/10 kg of seed.
- Blackgram under intensive cropping should be treated with carbofuran 0.2% one week before Rhizobium treatment against Root knot and Reniform nematode.
Sowing Time-
- Mid July (15-20 July).
- Row to Row distance is 30-35cm for Kharif and 25 cm for spring and rabi.
Seed Rate-
- 15-20 kg/ha for Kharif
- 25-30 kg/ha for spring and rabi season.
Fertilizer-
- 20:40:20 NPK kg/ha along with 20 kg S/ha.
- In micronutrient Zinc (Zn) 25 kg/ha.
Weeding-
Weeding and Hoeing is to be done between 25-30 days after sowing.
2nd weeding should be done if necessary after 45 days of sowing.
Irrigation-
Irrigation provide at growth stage of flowering and pod developed stage.
seed is germinated at soil moisture.
Harvesting-
- Urd Bean harvested when 70-80% pods are matured and most of the pod turns black
- After harvesting leave crop for drying on threshing floor for few days.
Threshing-
- Threshing can be done manually or by trampling under the feet of bulls.
Storage-
- The clean pods should be sun dried for 3-4 days.
- moisture level at 8-10% for storage.
Yield-
Average 12-15 quintal grains/ha are produced.
For Cereale-Wheat, Rice, Sorghum, Pearl Millet.
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