Skip to main content

Crop Production Technology-1 (Kharif Crop) Pulses-(Pigeon Pea, Mung Bean, Urd Bean)

Pigeon Pea

Origin-

Peninsular India is the origin of pigeon pea.

Geographical Distribution-

  • Red Gram(pigeon pea) is generally grown in tropical countries like- Africa, Asia, America, India,etc.
  • India is the largest producer and consumer in the world.

Economic Importance-

  • Pigeon Pea is the 5th important edible legume of the world.
  • India alone contribute over 90% of the world pigeon pea production.

Climate-

  • Pigeon pea needs warm tropical and subtropical climate.
  • 130C is suitable temperature for germination of  Red Gram .

Soil-

It grown well in black cotton soil and also in sandy loam, clay loam, red clay loam,etc.

Varieties-

   TT401, Pusa 2002, IPA 203, BRG 5, etc.

Cultural Practices

Field Practicing-

  • Black Cotton soil with well drained system and the pH ranging between 7.0-8.5.
  • Field should be properly tilled and well drained seed bed.
  • Row to Row distance 4 to 5 feet with 15 feet gap.

Sowing Time & Method-

15 June to 15 July is recommended. According to variety of seed.

Three methods of pigeon pea sowing are-

  1. Flat Sowing.
  2. Broadbed-furrow Sowing.
  3. Ridge-and-furrow.

Seed Rate-

Early maturity variety- 20-25 kg/ha.
Late mature variety-  15-20 kg/ha.

Spacing-

  1. Row to Row 45-60/70 cm.
  2. Plant to Plant 10-15/20 cm.

Fertilizer-

Fertilizer is based on soil testing result.
25-30 kg N, 40-50 kg P2O5, 30 kg K2O per hectare.

Harvesting and Threshing-

Crop is ready for harvest when they show brown colour.
Cut crop above 75 cm from ground.

Threshing-

  •  Threshing is done by the help of Pullman thresher or by beating pods with sticks.
  • After harvesting clean seed should be dries for 3-4 days.

Yield-

25-30q/ha. from irrigated condition and 15-20q/ha from less irrigated area.

Mung(Moong) Bean

Origin-
Mung bean originated from India  and lated it was domesticated to America, Africa, Asia,etc.

Geographical Distribution-

It is widely grown in Asian countries.

Climate-

  • Mung bean grown in warm climatic condition.
  • Average rainfall needed from flowering stage to pod fill.
Soil-
  • Sandy, Loam soil with good drainage system are best.
  • Mung bean need pH6.2-7.2 for best performance.
Seed Preparation-
  • Certified seed are recommended for high yield.
  • Mung bean need nitrogen fixing bacteria for first time grown in field.

Cultural Practices

Seed bed Preparation-

  • Removes weeds from the field by tillage.
  • Prepare Seedbed which provide good contrantion of seed and soil.

Planting-

  • Temperature at 180C is best for planting.
  • Depth of seed is 1 inch in soil.
  • Plant to plant distance is 2 inches.

Fertilizer-

  • Mung bean need 25-40 kg/ha of Phosphorus, 25 kg.ha of Nitrogen at the time of sowing.
  • Potassium and some other micro nutrients are also needed.

Weed Management-

Rotary hoeing or fields cultivation  or herbicides like Triflan are used for removing weed.

Harvesting-

Harvesting is done when pods two-third 2/3 of the plant are mature.

Storage-

  • Remove all leaf material, immature stems, immature pods, dirt, insects and other debrid.
  • Moisture containt for bean storage is approx.12% .

Urdbean

Origin-

Urdbean originated in India.

Geographical Distribution-

  • Urdbean originated in Asia & Africa.
  • India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Myanmar and Ceylon are major countries for urdbean.
  • In India, M.P, M.H, A.P, T.N, U.P, Karnataka, etc.

Economic Importance-

  • Black Gram (Urdbean) is one of the important crop.
  • Black gram plays an important role in India diet as it contains 26% protein.

Soil-

  • Loam soil is suitable with pH value of 6.5-7.8
  • Sandy and Heavy cotton soil is also suitable for Black gram.

Climate-

Mostly, Black Gram cultivated in Kharif season.
In Southern & South-eastern part follow rabi season for cultivation of Black gram.

Varieties-

PDKV, PDU-1, Mash 414, etc.

Seed Treatment-

  • Rhizobium 200gm + PSB 250 gm/10 kg of seed.
  • Blackgram under intensive cropping should be treated with carbofuran 0.2% one week before Rhizobium treatment against Root knot and Reniform nematode.

Sowing Time-

  • Mid July (15-20 July).
  • Row to Row distance is 30-35cm for Kharif and 25 cm for spring and rabi.
Seed Rate-
  • 15-20 kg/ha for Kharif
  • 25-30 kg/ha for spring and rabi season.

Fertilizer-

  • 20:40:20 NPK kg/ha along with 20 kg S/ha.
  • In micronutrient Zinc (Zn) 25 kg/ha.

Weeding-

Weeding and Hoeing is to be done between 25-30 days after sowing. 
2nd weeding should be done if necessary after 45 days of sowing.

Irrigation-

Irrigation provide at growth stage of flowering and pod developed stage.
seed is germinated at soil moisture.

Harvesting-

  • Urd Bean harvested when 70-80% pods are matured and most of the pod turns black
  • After harvesting leave crop for drying on threshing  floor for few days.

Threshing-

  • Threshing can be done manually or by trampling under the feet of bulls.

Storage-

  • The clean pods should be sun dried for 3-4 days.
  • moisture level at 8-10% for storage.
Yield-
Average 12-15 quintal grains/ha are produced.

For Cereale-Wheat, Rice, Sorghum, Pearl Millet.
 



Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Agriculture

  Agriculture   Agriculture? Agriculture is the way of  growing crops, making soil more fertile and producing more and more food and many more desirable product. Agriculture plays a vital role in our day today life directly or indirectly. The practice of agriculture is known as farming. Agriculture sector gives approx 60% of employment in India. India is the world's largest producer of pulses, rice, wheat, spices and spice products. It is said that agriculture is an art and science. Why agriculture is an art? Agriculture is the work of human creativity, imagination and techniques. Why agriculture is a science? In agriculture we use technologies, scientific principles, crop breeding, using different- different methods for  maximum yield. Father of agriculture  Norman Ernest Borlaug . Father of Indian Agriculture  M.S.Swaminathan . First crop cultivated in Agriculture Era was  Wheat&Barley . 3rd December, celebrated as  "Agriculture Education Da...
2 comments
Read more

Agriculture Microbiology

 AGRICULTURE MICROBIOLOGY Microbes A small living organisms that we see with the help of microscope. They live in water, oxygen, and land. E.g. Virus, Fungi, Protozoan, Bacteria, Algae, etc. They are unicellular, multicellular & clusters. Soil Microbes The living organisms that live in the soil known as soil microbes. It enhances soil fertility and health. It decomposing organic matter. "Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria"(PGPR), it is a group of bacteria which enhances plant growth and yield of crop.  PGPR also works as biofertilizers. Carbon Cycle It is the natural way by which we re-use the carbon. There are two main processes which occur:  photosynthesis   and  metabolism . In carbon cycle process the carbon from environment used by living organisms and travel back to atmosphere. Nitrogen Cycle It is the process by which atmospheric nitrogen is converted into  multiple chemical forms. e.g. Dinitrogen, Nitrate, Ammonium Nitrate, etc. Biogeochemical...
4 comments
Read more

Principle of Integrated Disease Management.

Integrated Disease Management (IDM) Integrated Disease Management IDM is a process of controlling pathogenic activities by different-different tactics.  IDM is specially used when the disease is reached on economic threshold levels. Economic threshold means when loss of money is greater than cost of treatment of crops. IDM promotes bio-agent in the crop ecosystem. IDM diseases are- Buruli ulcer, Chagas disease, Human African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis and yawn. IDM is the practice used for manage and prevent the crops from disease. Importance of IDM Makes plant health and improves its quality, make them disease free. Promotes bio-agent. Reduce the need of pesticides and fungicides by IDM. Reduce chemical use in plants. Component of Integrated Disease Management- There are many components in IDM but mainly their are four- Host resistance. Biological control. Cultural control Chemical control. Physical Methods. 1. Host resistance- Resistance protects the plant from several pathog...
3 comments
Read more