Crop Production Technology-1 (Kharif Crop) Fibre Crop-(Cotton & Jute).

 Cotton

 Origin-

India & Pakistan was the native place of cotton.

Geographical Distribution-

Cotton grown in warm climates like India, U.S, Brazil, Pakistan, Turkey.
In India- Gujarat, A.P, M.P & T.N,etc.

Economic Importance-

India is the world largest Cotton producer and the 2nd largest exporter.
Cotton plays an important role in  industrial sector of India.  

Soil-

Cotton grows best in soil with pH between 5.8-8.0
Sandy loam soil are fertile for cotton.

Climate-

Cotton grows well in warm and moist climate.

24^oC is suitable for cotton growth.

Varieties-

RST-9, RS-875, RG-8, etc.

Seed Treatment-

• Soak seed 2 to 4 hours before sowing(Desi Seed)
• Soak seed 4 to 6 hours before sowing (American Variety).

Seed rate-

• Seed rate varies with variety.
• Seed Rate for American Cotton hybrid 1.5 kg/acre.
• Desi cotton hybrid 1.5 kg/acre.

Sowing-

• Sowing time is different in different-different countries.
• Sowing time in Punjab & Haryana is April-May.

Fertilizer-

• NPK-100:50:50 kg/ha for irrigated cotton.
• 50:25:25 kg/ha NPK for rainfed.
• FYM or compost at least once in 3 years at the rate of 12-15 tons/ha for both desi and Hirstum varieties

Weeding-

Mechanical control-

• Deep ploughing, digging, and removal of rhizomes or stolons perennial weeds before sowing.
• Periodically harrowing reduces weed and evaporate losses of moisture.

Chemical Control- 

• Glyphosate is effective against cotton weeds.

Irrigation-

• The total climatic requirement for cotton is about 700-1000mm.
• Sprinkler irrigation system is commonly used in cotton.
• Cotton need 5-6 irrigation in black soil.
• It needs 8-10 in red/sandy/loam soil.

Harvesting-

• In Northern India harvesting begins for October till January.
• In India, farmers go for 2-5 pickings of cotton.

Storage-

• Picked up cotton stored on stony or cemented surface as covered as far as possible.
• Moisture more than 12% are avoid from pickling.
• Cotton is highly inflammable.

Yield-

• 466 kg/ha of cotton in india.
• Average, 762 kg/ha of cotton around the world .

Jute

Origin-

Jute was originated in India.

Geographical Distribution-

Major jute growing countries are-
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh produced at least 90% of the global production.

Economic Importance-

Jute is the second most important vegetable fibre after cotton due to its versatility(many uses).
In trade and industry, jute and mesta crop together are used which is known as raw jute as their uses are almost same.

Climate-

• Jute requires a warm and humid climate with temperature between 24^oC-37^oC.
  
• Constant rain and water logging is harmful.

Soil-

• River basins or alluvial or loamy soils are suitable for jute cultivation.
• Red soil require more manure in cotton cultivation.

Varieties-

IBO-2003H(Ira), JRO-204(Suren), S-19(Subala), etc.

Season-

February season is suitable for jute.

Land preparation-

Fine tilth is necessary since the seeds are very small.

Manure and Fertilizer-

20 kg/ha of N,  P₂O_{5 and}  K₂O are applied basically.

Crop Duration-

120-140 days.

 Spacing-

1. Olitorious- 25*5, 80 plants/sq.m
2. capsularis- 30*5, 67 plants/sq.m

Weed Management-

Mechanical Control-

• Hand Weeding twice on 20-25 days and 35-40 days.

Chemical-

• Fluchloralin can be sprayed at 3 days after sowing at the rate of 1.5 kg/ha.

Water management-

• Jute crop requires 500 mm of water.
• First irrigation is to be given after sowing.

Harvest-

Jute crop can be harvested from 100-110 days but can be extended from 120-135 days depending on local cropping days.

Yield-

• Green plant weight yield is 45-50t/ha.
• Fibre yield is 2.0-2.5 t/ha.

For Cereale-Wheat, Rice, Sorghum, Pearl Millet.

https://agriculturjunction.blogspot.com/2020/09/crop-production-technology-1-kharif-crop.html

For Pulses(Pigeon Pea, Mung Bean, Urd Bean)-

https://agriculturjunction.blogspot.com/2020/09/crop-production-technology-1-kharif.html